{
  "schema_version": "1.0.0",
  "rubric_version": "1.0",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)",
  "record": {
    "id": "O-0208",
    "slug": "epoch-ai",
    "title": "Epoch AI",
    "aliases": [
      "Epoch"
    ],
    "status": "draft",
    "last_reviewed": "2026-09-23",
    "review_interval_days": 90,
    "steward": null,
    "provenance": {
      "drafted_by": "ai",
      "reviewed_by": []
    },
    "risk_flags": [],
    "flags": [],
    "kind": "research-org",
    "homepage": "https://epoch.ai/",
    "one_liner": "A research institute studying trends in AI; it runs the Frontier Data Centers Hub, which estimates AI data-centre capacity from satellite imagery and permits.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "source": "S-1411",
        "supports": "Frontier Data Centers Hub: method, coverage at launch, licence"
      },
      {
        "source": "S-1409",
        "supports": "FAS satellite-tracking report draws on the hub"
      },
      {
        "source": "S-1410",
        "supports": "Epoch's methods named among ways to locate AI data centres"
      }
    ],
    "type": "organization",
    "url": "https://trustbutveri.fyi/organizations/epoch-ai/",
    "source_file": "content/organizations/epoch-ai.md",
    "flags_all": [
      "ai-drafted"
    ],
    "body_markdown": "Epoch AI describes itself as a research institute investigating trends and questions that will shape the trajectory and governance of AI. Its public dataset of large AI data centres is an example of [[M-0020|remote detection of data centres]]:\n\n- **Frontier Data Centers Hub.** The hub identifies chillers and cooling towers in satellite images and corroborates them with permits and public disclosures to infer each facility's power capacity [[S-1411]]. It then estimates the compute installed, in H100-equivalents [[S-1411]].\n- **Coverage and licence.** At its launch in November 2025 the hub tracked 13 large US data centres [[S-1411]]. Epoch estimated that they held about 2.5 million, or about 15%, of the roughly 15 million H100-equivalents delivered to customers worldwide in the preceding several years [[S-1411]]. The data are released under a Creative Commons Attribution licence [[S-1411]].\n- **Use by others.** A Federation of American Scientists report on tracking AI data centres with satellite imagery draws on the hub, to which its author contributed [[S-1409]]. An AI 2040 supplement on covert AI projects names Epoch's methods among those that intelligence services could use to locate AI data centres that are not specifically concealed [[S-1410]].",
    "body_text": "Epoch AI describes itself as a research institute investigating trends and questions that will shape the trajectory and governance of AI. Its public dataset of large AI data centres is an example of remote detection of data centres: - Frontier Data Centers Hub. The hub identifies chillers and cooling towers in satellite images and corroborates them with permits and public disclosures to infer each facility's power capacity [S-1411]. It then estimates the compute installed, in H100-equivalents [S-1411]. - Coverage and licence. At its launch in November 2025 the hub tracked 13 large US data centres [S-1411]. Epoch estimated that they held about 2.5 million, or about 15%, of the roughly 15 million H100-equivalents delivered to customers worldwide in the preceding several years [S-1411]. The data are released under a Creative Commons Attribution licence [S-1411]. - Use by others. A Federation of American Scientists report on tracking AI data centres with satellite imagery draws on the hub, to which its author contributed [S-1409]. An AI 2040 supplement on covert AI projects names Epoch's methods among those that intelligence services could use to locate AI data centres that are not specifically concealed [S-1410].",
    "referenced_by": [
      {
        "id": "M-0020",
        "title": "Remote detection of data centres",
        "url": "https://trustbutveri.fyi/mechanisms/remote-detection-of-data-centres/"
      },
      {
        "id": "S-1411",
        "title": "Introducing the Frontier Data Centers Hub",
        "url": "https://trustbutveri.fyi/sources/epoch-frontier-data-centers-hub/"
      }
    ]
  }
}