Mechanism · Zero-knowledge proofs of training constraints
Proven training uses fixed-point arithmetic
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Kaizen and ZkAudit prove training in fixed point 1 2. ZkAudit reports accuracy 0.5 to 0.7 points below fp32 on three image datasets 2. The frontier design proposes native floating-point precompiles, and lists the algebraic reductions needed to verify floating-point matrix multiplication as an open problem 4.