Declared hardware is idle or shut down
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Sources
- BA. Scher & L. Thiergart (2025). Mechanisms to Verify International Agreements About AI Development. arXiv. Source recordSupports: chips without power cannot run a large training run; power draw, on-site generation and thermal imaging as less invasive verification · Verifying that known compute is not being used for a large training run
- BA. R. Wasil et al. (2024). Verification methods for international AI agreements. arXiv. Source recordSupports: energy monitoring to detect facilities and approximate FLOPs; unproven, can be masked, data hard to obtain; evasions · Energy monitoring; Table 1; Figure 2
- CR. Dean (2026). Verification Plan. AI 2040. Source recordSupports: compute bank verified not to be in use during an agreement · phase 3 (improving robustness)
- BM. Baker et al. (2025). Verifying International Agreements on AI: Six Layers of Verification for Rules on Large-Scale AI Development and Deployment. RAND Corporation. Source recordSupports: off-chip analog sensors; estimating utilisation and physical signature such as power as an R&D problem · §4; Table 2, Appendix A.6
- BG. Kulp et al. (2024). Hardware-Enabled Governance Mechanisms: Developing Technical Solutions to Exempt Items Otherwise Classified Under Export Control Classification Numbers 3A090 and 4A090. RAND Corporation. Source recordSupports: offline licensing tying chip features to a renewable licence with a compute budget · p. viii
- BR. Rahman & S. Tajdari (2026). Detecting Hidden ML Training With Zero-Overhead Telemetry. ICML 2026 Workshop on Technical AI Governance Research. Source recordSupports: telemetry classifier accuracy overall and on adversarially disguised workloads · abstract; §5.2
- BS. K. Monfared et al. (2026). Timing and Memory Telemetry on GPUs for AI Governance. arXiv. Source recordSupports: timing and memory observables that correlate with GPU compute activity when host and device are untrusted · abstract
- CAttestable (2026). Pacing AI Requires Proof. Attestable blog. Source recordSupports: approved work plus protocol-defined work fills a required work budget (provider proposal) · blog post