Mechanism · Chip registries and manufacturing records

Sources

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  1. BM. Baker et al. (2025). Verifying International Agreements on AI: Six Layers of Verification for Rules on Large-Scale AI Development and Deployment. RAND Corporation. Source recordSupports: AI chip registry concept; sampled chain-of-custody checks; subgoal on undeclared clusters · §3.2 and its footnote on the AI chip registry; §4.2.1.2
  2. BB. Avellar & E. Grunewald (2026). Near-Term Verification Methods for AI Chip Exports. Institute for AI Policy and Strategy. Source recordSupports: centralized ownership registry; random return requests; serial checks; forgery limits; effectiveness ratings · §1.1, §1.2, §1.5
  3. CN. Cankaya (2025). TSMC most definitely has a golden record of all AI chips it made. The Datacenter Lie Detector (Substack). Source recordSupports: ECID golden record; Merkle-root commitment; TAP readout; eFuse tamper evidence; dark compute; insider threat · whole post
  4. BG. Sastry et al. (2024). Computing Power and the Governance of Artificial Intelligence. arXiv. Source recordSupports: international AI chip registry listed among visibility mechanisms · §4.A Visibility
  5. BO. Aarne et al. (2024). Secure, Governable Chips: Using On-Chip Mechanisms to Manage National Security Risks from AI & Advanced Computing. Center for a New American Security. Source recordSupports: on-chip mechanisms need ownership tracking, supply-chain tracking and KYC · 'What Would Effective On-Chip Governance Look Like?', pp. 9-10
  6. BS. Ansari (2026). Hardware-Level Governance of AI Compute: A Feasibility Taxonomy for Regulatory Compliance and Treaty Verification. arXiv. Source recordSupports: chain-of-custody framing; PUFs; blockchain serialization; customs data; manufacturing concentration; feasibility · §3.1 (M7)
  7. CB. Halstead & T. Larsen (2026). Covert AI Projects. AI 2040. Source recordSupports: auditing upstream supply chain to reconstruct production · section on preventing compute acquisition
  8. BA. Brass & O. Aarne (2024). Location Verification for AI Chips. Institute for AI Policy and Strategy. Source recordSupports: recommendation to combine location verification with a registry · Detailed Summary
  9. BE. Grunewald & T. Fist (2025). Countering AI Chip Smuggling Has Become a National Security Priority. Center for a New American Security (working paper). Source recordSupports: recommendation to report exports, re-exports and ownership transfers of controlled AI chips · recommendation 2
  10. AU.S. Department of Justice (2025). U.S. Authorities Shut Down Major China-Linked AI Tech Smuggling Network. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs. Source recordSupports: December 2025 prosecution alleging removal and replacement of GPU labels before export · criminal complaint summary

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